12V/120mA switch mode power supply circuit
Transformer less switch mode power supplies have become very popular these days. The circuit shown below is of a 12V/120mA output, 85 to 230V AC input transformerless switch mode power supply using LNK304 IC. Applications of a power supply based on this IC includes hand held devices, timers, small appliances, LED drivers, industrial gadgets etc.
LNK304 is a low component count, efficient off-line switcher IC that can support buck, buck-boost and flyback topologies. The IC has a built in auto start circuit for short circuit and open loop fault protection. Other features of LNK304 includes low temperature variation, thermal shut down,high break down voltage, good line & load regulation, high band width , wide input voltage range (85 to 230V AC) etc. In general the LNK304 has a better performance when compared to the many other discrete buck regulators.
The pin configuration and the typical application diagram of LNK304 are shown above. Drain (D) pin the drain connection of the built in power MOSFET. The external by pass capacitor (0.1uF) is connected to the BYPASS (BP) terminal. FEEDBACK (FB) pin controls the switching of the built in power MOSFET. A current above than 49uA delivered to this pin will inhibit the switching. The internal power MOSFETs source is connected to the SOURCE (S) pin.
LNK304 based switch mode power supply circuit
The circuit diagram of a practical 12V/120mA transformerless switch mode power supply is shown above. Resistor R1, capacitors C1 and C2, diodes D1 and D2 and inductor L1 forms the input stage. D1 and D2 forms the rectifier section while C1 and C2 are input filters. Resistor R1 which is a fusible resistor limits the inrush current, increases differential mode noise attenuation and also serves as an input safety fuse.
The next stage is the regulator stage which consists of IC LNK304, diodes D3 and D4, capacitors C3, C4 and C5, resistors R3, R4 and R5 and inductor L2. D3 is the freewheeling diode while L2 is the output choke. C5 is the output filter capacitor which limits the output ripple voltage to a value as low as possible. The IC LNK304 is so configured that the power supply operated in the most discontinuous mode and that’s why a fast recovery diode (UF4005) is used as the freewheeling diode (D3). UF4005 has a reverse recovery time of around 75nS and it is well enough for the given situation.
The voltage drop across diodes D3 and D4 are practically same and so the voltage across C4 tracks the output voltage and this voltage is picked by the network comprising of resistors R2, R3 and is fed to the feedback pin. R2 and R3 sets the output voltage and for 12V output the voltage at the feedback pin must be 1.65V DC. The circuit attains regulation by skipping the switching cycles. When the output voltage rise, the current at the feedback pin also rises and when the current rises above the threshold value, subsequent cycles are skipped until the current at the feedback pin goes below the threshold and thus a constant output voltage is maintained.
The IC will auto restart if no cycles are skipped during a 50mS time period and this limits the maximum output power to 6% of the maximum over load power. That’s how over load protection is attained. Resistor R4 serves as a small preload which nullifies the effects of tracking error.
Notes
- Assemble the circuit on a good quality PCB.
- LNK304 is a very high efficiency switching regulator IC that has a hand full of applications.
- LNK304 is commonly available in SMD package (DIP is also available) and care must be taken while soldering it.
- D1 and D2 are standard 1N4007 silicon rectifier diodes.
- D3 (UF4005) is a fast recovery diode.
- D4 (1N4005GP) is a glass passivated diode.
- C3 can be a ceramic capacitor.
- C1,C2 and C4 are polyester capacitors.
- C5 can be electrolytic or polyester capacitor.
- Voltage ratings of the capacitors are shown in the circuit diagram.
- R1 is a fusible, fire proof resistor.
- Maximum possible output current is 120mA.
- Input voltage range is 85 to 230V AC.
Few switching regulator circuits that may be useful to you
- 3A Switching regulator : A simple 3 ampere switching regulator circuit designed based on the popular LM317K IC. Output voltage range is 1.8 to 32V DC and it can be adjusted using a POT. Input voltage range is from 8 to 35V DC.
- 5V buck regulator: A buck regulator is a regulator which produces output voltage less than the input voltage. This circuit uses the famous LM2678 from Natinal Semiconductors. The circuit produces a steady 5V@ 5A from an input voltage range of 8 to 40V DC.
- 10V switching regulator: A 10V buck regulator using the IC LM5007 from National Semiconductors.Input voltage range can be from 12V to 72V DC. Its output voltage can be also adjusted.
20 Comments
SIr,
i can not find ln304 ic in any circuit simulation software .kindly tell me which software has that ic.
Thanks
The circuit as shown here is clearly incorrect and will not work. Specifically the centre point of the potential divider formed by R2 and R3 must be connected to the FB pin on the chip
can anyone plz tell that from where i can get lnk304 ic online?
thnk u
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how to increase the output voltage and amps to about 36v at 10- 15A?
I have omitted important remark – the resistance 40Ohm is being measured during off state (no voltage connected) – I think this resistance should be pretty higher (in range of MOhm), should not?
Does this mean that internal MOSFET within LK304 has been damaged?
Thanks in advance, buggy
Hello, I have the LK304 device on board by 3rd party. This board does not work properly. I have measured cca 40 Ohm between source and drain pin of LK304. Does it mean that this device has a defect and I have to replace this position by new device?
Thanks in advance, buggy
I need 40V to 48V DC converter circuit if available let me know i work as design Engineer in Jaycee Tech
Hi I am using a 12V – 1000 mA SMPS Power Supply for some small equipment which is imported. I find that the output from SMPS (12V DC) has an AC component in it. When I checked it using a Tester (electrical tester that we use normally to check the AC Power) it is showing some AC current present in it. I checked with the manufacturer and he says, invariably all SMPS Power supplies will have some AC component in it. My question is, is this true that there will be some AC power of the SMPS DC Output? If yes, can we add any component/s to eleminate the AC part in the output stage. Please help me………
Dear sir from next timd if you are making any cicuit you jurt drow the component instead of block dia
Does this mean that this can be the ultimate transformerless power supply that is efficient and cost friendly and can be applied on any electronic product?
i need a 5v8a smps power supply circute.help me….
Hi everyone I am designing a Switched Mode power supply using fly back converter and also I have to use LM2585 but I have to first do simulation but I can’t find LM2585 there can anybody tell me from where I can find LM2585 for building circuit for simulation in LTSpice or in some other software?
Thanks
naveed_salman@yahoo.com
is there any alernative that can use for lnk304? i can’t seem to fing that kind of IC here in our place.. thanks in advance!
Load current can be increased by using other versions of the same IC.
LNK305P or G > 175 mA
LNK306P or G > 225 mA
Another way to improve load current is by running the IC in continuous conduction mode. I will append that circuit to this article as soon as possible.
I dosn’t want ac to dc converter i want transformerless dc to ac 220v converter minimum 48 watt please help me
Hi,
Thank you so much for the circuit and details. I would like to ask you one thing that What changes has to be made so that to provide more output current. Here the load can be 1.44W what about if i wanna connect a load of 3W?
i want to know which components use in tronsformer less switch mode power supply